How does contemporary representation compare to previous time periods?

This prompt question is a relatively open one and your answers will vary depending on the texts that you have studied. We looked at Press Gang from 1989 (specifically episode 1 of the first series) and the film Billy Liar (1963) about which you can read more here and here.

When answering this question concentrate on the word 'representation'. This question isn't asking you to know about how youths have changed over the ages, this isn't a sociological study - it's about how UK youth's behaviour is shown, presented, REPRESENTED. So what sort of behaviour do the texts focus on? How are inter-generational conflicts resolved? How is bad behaviour presented - demonised or immaturity? What aspirations or roles do they fulfil?

Below are a few clips to get you going. Again - don't be thinking that back in 1989 (when Press Gang was out) UK youth were nicer and politer (there were some right ones back then) - it's the media representations that has changed.

Flirting in Press Gang vs Flirting in Misfits

 

Bad behaviour in Press Gang

Compare this to Skins/Misfits.

Attitude to adults in Press Gang vs Misfits

Have a look at this clip from Stewart Lee which answers the question from his point of view in terms of Skins compared with the television he grew up with. What's interesting is that when Lee was growing up, most TV shows aimed at teenagers fell under the Kids TV remit so were usually on around tea-time (six o'clock) rather than the post 10.00 p.m. scheduling that is used for Inbetweeners, Skins and Misfits. So it is clear that producers (such as E4) believe in order to reflect the lives of and attract teenage audiences they need something bit edgier than a kids running Youth Newspaper or the adventures of astrophysicist Adam Brake and his young son Matthew.

Other things to think about
The role of adults - suffocating in Billy Liar, understanding in Press Gang - often conspicuous by their absence in many contemporary texts.

Aspirations of young people - Billy Liar fantasises about being a general or minister, in Press Gang they want to run a serious paper - in Misfits Nathan wants to shoot himself on telly and get women.

Representation of bad behaviour - Billy 'drugs' his girlfriend in order to get her 'in the mood'. This is played for laughs - would the same be done today?

Compare the trailer for Shank with the 1970's comic Kids Rule OK. What are the similarities?

Look at this post - choose a character from a contemporary and past text and compare them against the criteria.

Misfits - Nathan Tells it like it is

Here's a clip from the last episode of Misfits where Nathan explains just what the role of youth has in society and just what representation of youth Misfits is trying to portray.

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Misfits - Nathan on Youth by LRCMediaPractical

And here's it written down just in case:

"She's got you thinking this is how you’re supposed to be. It's not. We're young. We’re supposed to drink too much. We're supposed to have bad attitudes and shag each other's brains out. We were designed to party. We owe it to ourselves to party hard. We owe it to each other. This is it. This is our time. So a few of us will overdose, or go mental. Charles Darwin said you can't make an omelette without breaking a few eggs. That's what it's about - breaking eggs - by eggs, I mean, getting twatted on a cocktail of class As.

If you could see yourselves... We had it all. We have fucked up bigger and better than any generation that came before us. We were so beautiful... We're screw-ups. I plan on staying a screw-up until my late twenties, or maybe even my early thirties. And I will shag my own mum before I let her.... or anyone else take that away from me!"

Misfits Episode 1 - Textual analysis

Here are two clip from the first episode of Misfits - the opening scene and a montage of lead characters reflecting partly on the days events but also on themselves in terms of their identity. Watch both clips, compare and contrast them, and try and answer the prompt questions underneath.

Which stereotypes of youth (chav, nerd etc) are seen in this clip?

Looking at the micro-elements (sound, camera work, editing, mise-en-scene) how are these representations created? (Look at how each character has altered their uniform, also the focus of shots as they are getting dressed).

What qualities do their share?

How can the group be seen as having a 'collective identity'?

What is their attitude to the adult in the clip. And what is his attitude to them - does he label them all the same?

Some thoughts: It's interesting the way that even though their dressed head to toe in the same outfit they all give clues to their 'identity' by the way they've modified their outfits. Also there's a very obvious Us and Them set up to the scene with the youths lined up facing the probation worker. Notice the establishing shot - it's a low angle looking up to the gang exaggerating their arrogant/flippant body language, but the probation worker looks like a giant in comparison. This implies there could be some power dynamic with the 'adult', yet this is immediately undermined as soon as Alisha answers her phone.

How are the stereotypes/representations challenged/confirmed in this clip? What are the differences from the opening?

Find out each of the character's powers (apart from Nathan's if you haven't seen the whole series) - how are they appropriate for each of the characters?

Look at these 'popular notions of adolesence' listed here - do any of them fit any of the representations?

Do they still have any shared qualities/fears/anxieties?

Some thoughts: For the girls we get an explicit stripping away of part of their identity - Kelly the hard face chav, Alisha the man-eater - when they are alone. So they have an identity they show the outside world, but this could be to hide certain vulnerabilities or to fit in. This is what I think Misfits does really well, it initially presents us with stereotypes but then gradually adds dimensions to each of the characters to created representations of adolescence that can be related to.

 

Go and explore the official Misfits website. It's a fantastic mix of clips, games and feeds to the characters social media.

Misfits

Misfits - Interviews - Howard Overman Interview - Channel 4

Do the five central characters have to use their superpowers to fight evil? 

They kind of do, but the point of the show is really that the world doesn't always break down into these neat categories of good versus evil. Our kids are all convicted criminals, after all, and they party hard and all the rest of it. So they,re quite unconventional heroes, but their fundamental nature is good. What they find themselves battling is their own personal issues, and a world that has become much more complicated by their powers. It’s more about that than battling some evil force that wants to take over the world - although the final episode is a kind of bigger climax. And it's also about the people close to them who might suddenly have discovered powers, from friends to step-dads. It's more about that than the ideas of a stereotypical nemesis who wants to take over the world. The series plays on the whole nature of antisocial behaviour and teen behaviour and what's right and what's wrong, rather than it being about good and evil.

Are you making a point about how we demonise teenagers with this series? Are you saying we're too judgmental about that generation? 

I think that's sort of in the DNA of the show. We don't ever really discuss it in the show. The middle England attitude towards teenagers has been well-documented, and this isn't the sort of show where we make overtly political points, so I think it's more that it's in the premise of the show. To be fair, these kids aren't angels, they've all been found guilty of what they did. They're kids who got up to what a lot of us did as teenagers, but they maybe pushed it a bit more or just got caught. They're not outrageous, but they're not angelic either. They're not feral kids, they're not mean and nasty, they're not mugging or stabbing people, but they might be from slightly the wrong side of the tracks.

You're writing about teenagers. As a 36-year-old, how do you write characters of that age?

I think it's just about making sure you remember what it was like, and drawing on how you felt as a teenager. I don't think having your heart broken now is any different from how it felt when we were 18. I think it's about just remembering what it was like. And I think these days we all grow up so much more slowly than we used to. I still enjoy much the same things that I did in my early 20s, so it's not like that much has changed. And once you've got the characters, you get into a zone with them and you hear their voice and think about how they'd react in any given situation. And when we got the actors on board I did sessions with all the actors to make sure they were happy with the dialogue.

 

REVIEW: Misfits, The Superhero TV Show From E4 BleedingCool.com

This is a drama about an abandoned underclass, with their fears, their hopes and their dreams turned from subtext into text, exaggerated into superpowers. So we have a introvert turned invisible man, a man with regrets able to turn back time, one concerned with how everyone sees her able to read thoughts, a hyper-sexualised extrovert giving out orgasms at a touch and an overconfident spiv with…. nothing. So far. Oh and their community officer is seriously on their case.

Kelly is a chav. A ned. A redneck. Poor of background, financially and culturally, she defines herself with certain bling, and aggressive attitude and a Croydon facelift, hair pulled back so tight it takes the bags under the eyes with it. As a telepath, she thinks she’s hallucinating, still tripping on something as she can hear her fellow Misfits, boyfriend, even her dog’s thoughts. A remarkable and original twist on the gift. And so it takes her a long time to put things together. No nosebleeds, no head full of everyone speaking, external thoughts come rarely, but when they do come, she can’t help but acting as if they were spoken to her. Hence fight scenes.

Alisha is an empowered young lady not afraid to use her body and sexuality to impress, tease and entertain, Basically, she’s a slut. Sorry, but she is. And her power to make any man attracted to her to the point of rape scares her silly, confronting her about the dangers in the world and her effect on those around her in a way she’s clearly never cared about before.

There’s a sensational juxtaposition of Alisha blowing her water bottle for the entertainment of the other male cast, while Kelly is being pursued by one trying to kill her. The back and forth contrasts the world that was with the world that is to come.

Curtis the failed sports star done for drugs possession has had the farthest to fall. And with an ability to turn back time, but not far enough, his frustrations can only continue. His life experience probably makes him the most sane and mature of the lot of them. But then that’s not saying too much.

It’s also worth pointing out that Overman tells us there are many more superpowered indivuals to come, but many with very poor powers that reflect their emotional state when the lightning hit. However he rejects the labels of hero and villain here, seeing only people and their very human desires, albeit exaggerated ones.

Simon, Mr Invisible, the shy awkward nerd with a history of arson and some strange fetishes that come to the fore when Alisha touches him. He’s clearly scared that he’s mad, and the teasing of the group only convinced him further. This is a far more realistic reaction to receiving superpowers than is usually granted to them. The most unknown of the group, the second episode sees the inevitable locker room scene, but on the form of the first episode, it’s most likely to go off at a very different angle.

Nathan, the man without powers but with a mouth to make up for it. Reminiscent of Dexter Fletcher’s Spike Thompson in Press Gang, we get to see more of his scared, lonely side, that hides behind a brash exterior, a family who have rejected him and friends who abandon him, never affecting his exterior of cool cohesion. Sexually confident, and probably with every right to be.

And they all gel together through common experience, even if their personalities drive them away. This is your ultimate dysfunctional superhero team, hell, they have no idea if they even want to be superheroes. There are so many other options out there.

 

 

Why E4 can target the 'Youth' audience

Has E4 cracked the formula for youth drama? guardian.co.uk

On Thursday night E4's latest bit of homegrown programming, Asbo sci-fi drama Misfits, debuts on Channel 4's yoof channel. The premise sounds ridiculous – a load of grotty kids doing community service get hit by an electrical storm and obtain superpowers (think Heroes meets Vicky Pollard) – but the first episode is very good. Like E4's other two big successes Skins and The Inbetweeners, Misfits strikes the right notes visually and in its dialogue. The direction is as good, if not better than, most terrestrial dramas – and the banter between the characters is raucous enough for teenagers to get that they're being talked to rather than at.

Compare and contrast with BBC3. The channel's breakout shows since Skins first aired in 2007 have been Gavin and Stacey, and Being Human. While liked by youngish audiences, neither are necessarily youth shows – and when BBC3 has tried specifically younger sitcoms, such as Coming Of Age or the recent Lunch Monkeys, the results have been a mindless pandering to the grotesque and the bawdy. And if The Inbetweeners has proved anything, it's that if you're going to do grotesque and bawdy, you'd better do it right.

So what key things E4 have got right? Here's my list: feel free to add /disagree vehemently with it.

Teenagers don't know everything. But they do know a stinky script when they hear one. Skins made great use of young writers, but only by teaming them up with seasoned telly veterans such as the father and son team Bryan Elsley and Jamie Brittain, who created it. In the same way The Inbetweeners and Misfits are both written by relatively older writers who conciously imitate their own youthful voices (rather than today's slang) so that the dialogue isn't strained and, like, really obviously aimed at today's kids, bruv.

Teenagers are filthy. There are characters in Skins, Misfits and The Inbetweeners that are both morally reprehensible and, yet, quite lovable. Like a lot of real teenagers. Finding that balance without it sounding exaggerated and crude (or, as is often the case, outright Joey Tribbiani-stupid) is the first step in getting young audiences to believe that a show is for them. Take note, Two Pints and Coming Of Age

Less is more. Both Skins and Misfits look like they've had the luxury of time and budget. E4 can of course fill most of its schedule with cheap syndicated repeats and concentrate on the occasional homemade hit, while BBC3 has to keep churning it out. But when it comes to digital TV it's much better to have a few good shows than a handful of alright ones sitting alongside some complete stinkers.

360 degree commissioning is still secondary.The first series of Skins surfed the then current MySpace zeitgeist, and Misfits is already tweeting (twitter.com/e4Misfits) - but who's going to sign up to the fictional Twitter account of a character from a show they hate.

Great youth telly is just great telly. It might be obvious, but E4's current roster of new shows are/might be adored by teenagers but they're more than enjoyable for adults too. Making funny, sad, believable programming for those with tiny attention spans is difficult. But if you make it, and make it well, viewers will come to you regardless.